Muslims believe in angels as servants of Allah who do only what they are commanded. The Quran names Gabriel and Michael. Both names appear in the Book of Daniel, and Gabriel appears in the Gospel of Luke, sent to Mary.
What it is in Islam
The Quran lists belief in the angels with belief in Allah, the books and the messengers. The Prophet (ﷺ) described what they are made of.
“All of them have believed in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers,”
“Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and His messengers and Gabriel and Michael - then indeed, Allah is an enemy to the disbelievers.”
“they do not disobey Allah in what He commands them but do what they are commanded.”
“O Mary, indeed Allah has chosen you and purified you and chosen you above the women of the worlds.”
The angels speak to Mary.
“The Angels were born out of light and the Jinns were born out of the spark of fire”
Narrated by A‘isha. English as shown on sunnah.com.
“Then Allah sends an angel who is ordered to write four things.”
Narrated by Abdullah bin Mas‘ud. English as shown on sunnah.com.
In the earlier scriptures
Passages are the King James Version unless marked otherwise. Each carries a tag: a close parallel, a shared principle, or an interpretation (Muslim or traditional), which is a reading we offer as a reading and not as a proven fact.
“And I heard a man’s voice between the banks of Ulai, which called, and said, Gabriel, make this man to understand the vision.”
Gabriel is named and sent to explain a vision. The Quran names Gabriel too (2:97–98).
“Yea, whiles I was speaking in prayer, even the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, touched me about the time of the evening oblation.”
Gabriel touches Daniel as he prays.
“But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me one and twenty days: but, lo, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me; and I remained there with the kings of Persia.”
Michael is named as a chief angel who comes to help. The Quran names Michael in 2:98.
“Bless the LORD, ye his angels, that excel in strength, that do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word. Bless ye the LORD, all ye his hosts; ye ministers of his, that do his pleasure.”
Angels do his commandments and hearken to the voice of his word. Compare Quran 66:6: “they do not disobey Allah in what He commands them”.
“And the angel answering said unto him, I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew thee these glad tidings.”
Gabriel identifies himself, sent to deliver good news. The Quran has angels speak to Mary (3:42) and Allah send an angel to her (19:17).
“And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary.”
The angel Gabriel is sent to Mary.
“Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?”
Angels are ministering spirits sent forth to serve.
Where this page stands: the angels, their obedience and the names Gabriel and Michael are shared. The earlier scriptures do not say what the angels are made of, and we do not claim they do.
Sources
Quran (Sahih International, via api.alquran.cloud; links go to quran.com)
Hadith (English from sunnah.com)
Hebrew Bible and New Testament (King James Version, text via bible-api.com; links go to BibleGateway)